Modern History : Non-Cooperation And Khilafat Movements (1919-1922)
UPSC CSE Prelims 2025
Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
Statement I: At the Nagpur session of the Indian National Congress in December 1920, the resolution for the Non-Cooperation Movement (NCM) was adopted. A key objective declared was the attainment of 'Swaraj' by all legitimate and peaceful means. This represented a significant shift in the Congress's stated goals, moving towards a more assertive demand for self-rule.
Statement II: The implementation strategy for the Non-Cooperation Movement was designed in stages. The initial phase involved boycotts of legislative councils, government schools and colleges, law courts, foreign cloth, and government titles. The resolution stipulated that if 'Swaraj' was not achieved within one year, or if the government resorted to repression, the movement would escalate to the next stage, which included civil disobedience and non-payment of taxes. This phased approach reflected Mahatma Gandhi's strategy of gradual escalation of mass movements.
Option 1 is incorrect because Statement II is also factually accurate regarding the Non-Cooperation Movement's strategy.
Option 2 is incorrect because Statement I is also factually accurate regarding the Non-Cooperation Movement's objective.
Option 4 is incorrect as both statements I and II are historically correct descriptions of the Non-Cooperation Movement's resolution adopted at the Nagpur session of the Indian National Congress in 1920.