UPSC CSE Prelims 1997
A vector quantity is defined as a physical quantity that possesses both magnitude and a specific direction. Momentum (P) is the product of an object's mass (m) and its velocity (v), represented by the equation P=mv. Since mass is a scalar quantity and velocity is a vector quantity, their product, momentum, inherently possesses both magnitude and the direction of the velocity. Therefore, momentum is classified as a vector quantity.
Pressure is a scalar quantity. Although it acts perpendicularly to a surface, it is defined by its magnitude only and does not possess a specific direction in space.
Energy is a scalar quantity. It represents the capacity to do work and is characterized solely by its magnitude, lacking any directional component.
Work is a scalar quantity. It is calculated as the dot product of force and displacement. While both force and displacement are vector quantities, their dot product results in a scalar quantity, possessing magnitude but no direction.